公共图书馆免费开放是维护社会信息公平,保障公民文化权利的工具和制度安排。文章对公共图书馆产品的公共性、供需的非均衡性、拥挤性等理论进行论述，分析公共图书馆免费运行的理论归因，从管理创新、多元投资、资源共享、公共精神等角度来建立公共图书馆免费开放运行机制。

This study takes the paper exchange column under blog channel on ScienceNet as research object, and designs research indicators system from the 5 aspects, altogether 44 specific indicators. The research results show that posts as new form of information resources not only contain plenty of traditional academic resource, but also cover relevant information which may help readers in understanding and absorbing traditional information resources. This trend should be aware of by libraries and information organizations.

This paper conduct online questionnaire survey and data statistic to analysis the diffusion of three innovations in Sichuan University Library: Offcampus Access System, Mobile Library Service System and Mail Notifying System. As innovation agent, the academic library should have scientific view on the diffusion of technical innovation, avoid the proinnovation bias and the tendency to blame person for failure to adopt innovation.

This paper briefly introduced the concept of the reader’sbehaviorbased management and relevant theoretic foundation, tried to set up the table of the behavioral attributes to analyze the key features and management rules for different types of reader, and focused on the optimization of the service’s process in library with readeroriented as well as their applications and test in practice.

王凯

As a hotly debated topic in contemporary public library communities at home and abroad,transformation and development is a major theoretical and practical issue concerning whether public libraries can successfully meet the challenges of information technology and achieve sustainable development,as well as a call of our times that Chinese-style public library modernization should answer. This paper aims to explore the feasible pattern of the transformation and development at public libraries based on a case study of Guangzhou Library. It reviews the practice over the past ten years since the opening of the new Guangzhou Library,focusing on the library’s systematic cultural services,expanded public communication functions,intensive reading promotion programs,promotion of functional platform and knowledge services,enhanced management support and reform. The paper also analyzes the theoretical basis of “the third space”,social communication and information communication,and conducts performance evaluation of the transformation and development from five aspects,namely creating communication value,improving comprehensive service efficiency,enhancing traditional services,promoting publicity and reading,and demonstrating the value of the platform. Guangzhou Library’s experience in transformation and development has formed a feasible pattern：the direction is to offer cultural services and communication services in a broader sense;the main theoretical basis is “the third space” or the public space theory;the path is to implement a free,equal,open and inclusive service policy,and strengthen the communication function through service expansion on the basis of making full use of the new library’s architectural design;the service mode is to enrich service contents,enhance the public's library awareness,promote traditional library services and improve the comprehensive service efficiency through introducing cultural exchange and public communication activities,so as to make the library a public cultural center and a window of the city. Finally,the paper presents further thoughts on future transformation and development of public libraries and the Chinese path to public library modernization in terms of building a people-centered library,strengthening the functions of science and culture,continuously seeking the guidance of scientific theory,and sticking to the defining value of humanism.

As the next generation of integrated library system（ILS）enters a critical period,it is necessary to review the historical experience of ILS construction in universities from the perspective of technology history. This paper examines the development process of China's university integrated library management systems over the past forty years,and summarizes the background,selection process,and the effects and limitations of developing and implementing four sets of domestic and foreign integrated library systems in Jinan University Library from 1985 to 2022. The study shows that the starting point of Jinan University's ILS exploration is the same as the official development of the integrated library system in China;and like most university libraries,Jinan University Library has undergone several system changes. The paper suggests that system selection should be in line with the university's development orientation and user-centered,and proposes some strategies such as optimizing platform functions,emphasizing open design,focusing on quality control and pooling professional librarians' wisdom.

Digital living of vulnerable groups,such as the elderly,has been an important issue in building an inclusive digital society,although there are few empirical research on the subject. Using the data from a survey comprising 593 elderly participants,this paper examines the effects that digital literacy,digital social participation and digital support have on older people’s sense of digital fulfillment. The study indicates that the general digital literacy of the elderly is relatively low,with physical access skill,information search skills,communication and cooperation skills,data security awareness,and digital content creativity ranked from highest to lowest;the elderly’s sense of gain at the macro-level (government empowerment,fairness and justice） is higher than that on a personal level (personal emotion,resource access） in the digital era;digital literacy has a positive impact on the elderly's sense of digital fulfillment;digital social participation plays an intermediary role between digital literacy and the sense of digital fulfillment;digital literacy can positively regulate the sense of digital fulfillment in the seniors with low digital literacy,and the participation of those with higher digital literacy. To avoid the dulled sense of gain and the erosion of relative deprivation,we should produce a digital development strategy with respect for the principal position of the elderly,and develop a trinity development plan involving individual,family and society.

What are people talking about when it comes to metaverse? Are the topics relating to metaverse well defined? What are the connections and differences between the topics on the dimension of institutional attributes? Further analysis of the hot topics about metaverse is conducive to the thoughts on such issues. Based on the theory of informetrics,this paper uses LDA topic model to explore the similarities and differences of the connotation of metaverse topics between academia and industry in China. From a perspective of social subject analysis,it presents a focus map in the field of metaverse from the standpoint of "academia- industry-government",focusing on "research,application and governance",to illustrate the social hotspots in the metaverse. It highlights the three important challenges facing future metaverse,i.e. the impact of AIGC on the supply and demand sides of content production,the problems existing in the development of artificial intelligence ethics,and the possible ideas for China’s governance of metaverse ecology,trying to explore the potentials of the metaverse.

Digital literacy education is a new mission of university library education service in digital environment. By means of literature review,online survey and case interview,this article examines and analyzes the state,problems and roots of digital literacy education in 49 representative "double first-class" university libraries. Based on the trends and requirements of digital education in the context of Metaverse,the author proposes an "A-B-C-D-E" education model and strategies for digital literacy education in university libraries：to build a localized educational framework,the cooperative mechanism,and a hierarchy of education supply,to establish a convenient digital literacy education platform,to diversify digital literacy education forms,and to develop a team of professional digital librarian.

With the development of digital technology,the forms and protection of heritage have changed,giving birth to a new form called "digital heritage". However,factors such as the replacement of digital carriers and the iteration of digital technology are accelerating the demise of digital information,leading to a serious long-term preservation crisis. The article reviews the content and evolution of digital heritage protection policies over the past 20 years since UNESCO issued the Charter on the Preservation of Digital Heritage in 2003. Grasping the core elements,it explores the development trend of digital heritage policies,with the aim of providing references for the long-term preservation of information in digital environments such as the metaverse and for the discovery of cultural heritage elements.

In the digital transformation society,library is a transformative force for advancing cultural self-confidence and self-improvement,and the overall layout of digital China and the national cultural digitization strategy provide policy guidance for the library to open up a new prospect of high-quality development. Using the methods of literature review,practice survey,and content analysis,this article attempts to sort out the current situation and requirements for the high-quality development of library in the era of digital transformation,analyze the international policy orientation of library digital strategy,and propose a development path for China. The study indicates that the high-quality development of library in the era of digital transformation needs to meet the requirements of “people-centered” transformation and form an ecosystem that is open,intelligent,inclusive,and sharing;data empowerment,demand-driven,digital intelligence integration,value-led and innovation-driven are the important strategic directions of foreign libraries' digital strategies,which play a normative and guiding role in reshaping and integrating the core elements of high-quality development of library. To serve the vision of building a strong cultural nation,and to meet the requirements and expectations of the country,the people,the society,and the era,library should transform and renew itself in terms of system,concept,business format,and capacity under the overall layout of digital China.

Focusing on the "countermarch person" in the digital society - technology excluders,and collecting data using in-depth interviews,this paper probes into the technology exclusion behavior,and explores its influencing factors and the strategy to lift digital poverty based on an analysis of the interview transcripts,in order to build a more inclusive digital society. In terms of behaving,technology exclusion can be divided into being extremely exclusive,highly exclusive,relatively exclusive and slightly exclusive. The complete exclusion of technology is uncommon,and the exclusion rate of network information and smart phones is higher. In terms of influencing factors,the behavior of technology exclusion is affected by factors such as individual traits,psychological cognition and ICT application. In terms of strategy,not all the technology excluders are in need of digital poverty alleviation. At the individual level,the opportunity,social network and positive user experience should be highlighted for the alleviation of digital poverty;at the national level,network supervision should be strengthened and the applicability of ICT be improved.

This paper tries to explore the impact of artificial intelligence technologies on knowledge organization patterns. First,it collects research results related to both artificial intelligence technologies and knowledge organization published in China in the last ten years. Then,it makes a content analysis of knowledge elements,organizational methods,algorithm models,and other factors involved,quantitatively and qualitatively. The result shows that the knowledge organization process in artificial intelligence environments includes knowledge extraction and knowledge fusion;the development of artificial intelligence technologies has provided strong technical support for the process of knowledge organization and improved the efficiency of knowledge organization processing.

The Library of Congress is the main repository of Chinese books in the United States. The history of collecting Chinese books in the United States from 1912 to 1949 had its own unique driving factors,which were not completely synchronized with the history of Sinology. From the perspective of philology,the history of the collection of Chinese books in the Library of Congress from 1912 to 1949 can be divided into three phases. The first phase,1912-1949,was the period of collecting the basic classics,during which a large number of documentary resources and philological experiences were accumulated;the second phase,1926-1941,saw the acquisition of an enormous amount of private collections,which increased the Library’s rare book holdings;the third phase was from 1942 to 1949,after the outbreak of the Pacific War,when the new accessions were mainly contemporary materials and traditional Chinese books as cultural heritage were no longer acquired after 1949. In parallel with the accumulation of Chinese books in the collections,the level of bibliography and bibliology of Chinese books in the Library of Congress was greatly developed,serving as an important basis for the development of sinology in the United States.

The Symposium on the Fifth Anniversary of the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Public Libraries（Public Library Law）,hosted by the National Institute of Cultural Heritage and Cultural Development of Sun Yat-sen University,the Guangzhou Cultural Heritage and Cultural Development Research Base and the Guangzhou Library,and organised by the National Library Research Institute and the Guangzhou Library Association,was held in Guangzhou,China,on 4-6 July 2023. This article summarizes the in-depth discussions presented at the Symposium,which focused on the theme of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Public Libraries and the legal system of China's public libraries,covering topics such as the significance of the implementation of the Public Library Law and the rule of law in public libraries,the positioning of the Public Library Law and public libraries,the implementation and impact of the Public Library Law,the local wisdom and future directions of promoting the rule of law in public libraries,and others.

ICT intergenerational learning programs for the elderly can help them adapt to the digital society,improve their digital literacy and promote active aging. Clarifying the elements and implementation mechanism of the social support system can provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for relevant projects. Based on social support theory,and by means of literature review and online survey,this paper analyzes the current international practices of ICT intergenerational learning,focusing on support subject types,support content and learning mode. The social support subjects include formal organizations,informal organizations and individuals,mainly providing material,information and emotional supports. There emerge such learning patterns as thematic knowledge lectures,one-for-one digital assistance,parent-child learning exchanges,and online and offline integration. The projects highlight multi-agent participation,multi-dimensional support,multi-form development,and mutual teaching. Thus,a framework of social support system for ICT intergenerational learning is established,and the joint development strategies related to stakeholders are put forward,including：strengthening the role cognition and service consciousness of stakeholders,enhancing the cooperation between social supporting subjects,developing online and offline integrated services,optimizing spaces and infrastructure,and building up a professional guidance team.

The accounts of historical figures,as the bearer of the thousand years of Chinese civilization,are scattered and pan-literary,mostly recorded in narration,anecdotes,biographies and other ancient books and lack of systematic knowledge organization. In order to enhance the utilization of knowledge in ancient books,this paper takes character-based knowledge as the data theme,and introduces linked data to reconstruct the resource organization system for historical and cultural knowledge. The Confucian scholar body in the Western Han Dynasty from Hanshu Yiwen Zhi（The History of the Former Han Dynasty,Treatise on Literature）is taken as the research object. With a literature review followed by data classification,interpretation of entity attribute,construction of word list and creation of ontology model,an organizational framework of the relevant knowledge association is built. The source data layer,data conversion layer,data association layer and knowledge application layer in the framework are explained and analyzed,and the practical value of knowledge association is put forward. This study reproduces the academic origins of Western Han scholars in historical materials,promote the effective use of the knowledge resources about western Han scholars,and provide a referential channel for the research on semantic organization of historical character-based materials in other ancient books.

Analyzing public health policies from the perspective of policiometrics is good for objectively evaluating current policies and providing scientific advice for subsequent policy setting,which is of great importance in promoting the scientific and rationality of the policies. This paper proposed a policiometrics research framework based on keyword analysis and IPTC media topic taxonomy,and takes the public health policies as an example for empirical analysis,conducted the policy analysis from the perspectives of policy keywords and policy classifications. It is found that the policiometrics research framework proposed in this paper plays an important role in the analysis of public health policies,and can fully analyze the characteristics of policies from three aspects：theme comprehensiveness,time responsiveness and policy effectiveness. At last,advices are suggested from the establishment and improvement of policy classification system,the citation of scientific literature,and the improvement of cross-language policy processing technology.

Reports of both CPC Congress and PRC's Central Government are key policy texts for Chinese cultural construction,implying the degree and direction of policy attention allocation. Guided by the attention theory,by means of the content analysis method,and with the help of the software ROSTCM6,this paper makes an analysis of reports of both CPC Congress and PRC's Central Government as well as some other policy texts,focusing on the intensity,topics and content evolution of Chinese cultural construction policies. The result shows that the intensity of attention to cultural construction in the reports of the CPC Congress is more significant,and the intensity of attention in cultural construction policies has changed in stages,from fluctuating development to steady development;Changes in the intensity of attention in cultural construction policies are affected by major events;The Chinese cultural construction issues directed by national policies pay more attention to cultural self-confidence and self-improvement,and fully protect the cultural rights and interests of the people;The content of cultural construction directed by China's policy attention has changed from convergence and concentration to openness and sharing,and China's cultural innovation has been enhanced.

Based on the theory of public policy change,this paper takes China's digital literacy education policies as the research object. With the help of Nvivo12 qualitative analysis and SPSS statistical analysis software,it conducts quantitative statistics and interactive analysis on the enactment time and policy subjects of 87 Chinese digital literacy education policies from 2002 to 2022 . The study finds that the evolution of China's digital literacy education policy is based on promoting the all-round development of all people,taking the practical needs of economic and social development as the entry point,building a lifelong digital learning system as the breakthrough point,and focusing on the coordinated integration of urban and rural areas for shared benefits. At the policy gap stage,the main focus was on infrastructure development and the application of information technology in education,and digital literacy education did not receive much attention;at the early exploration stage,the focus was on building digital resource platforms,and attention was paid to the development of digital citizens;at the initial policy-making stage,the concept of "digital literacy" was formally introduced,and the exploration of digital literacy education began,focusing on the construction of digital government and digital literacy education for the elderly and a supervisory mechanism was gradually established. At the stage of comprehensive policy development,specific policies on digital literacy education were issued to formally define the connotation of digital literacy education,and digital literacy education for citizens was fully rolled out,initially integrated into education,rural revitalisation,community governance and other fields,and emphased the construction of a lifelong digital learning system. Promoting the deep integration of all-field digital literacy education will be an important issue in the future. Therefore,it should further strengthen the integration of digital literacy education policies into the economy,society and life,accelerate the transformation of an elderly friendly digital society and the digital transformation of enterprises by seizing the opportunity of digital literacy education,and enhance the ability to work efficiently and digitally,so as to better achieve the goal of improving digital literacy for all.

The immersive virtual service experience constructed by 3D/VR resources is the basic feature of Metaverse. As Metaverse has been turned from concept into reality,the demand for 3D/VR resources in the library will become more and more urgent in the process of libraries' being integrated into Metaverse. This paper selects four examples of 3D/VR resource construction and service in American libraries. Then,by means of network investigation,literature review and case analysis,it analyzes the generation and storage of digital resources,the establishment of metadata model,the visual communication based on Web,the protection of intellectual property rights and privacy,and summarizes their experience and problems. It is proposed that Chinese libraries should speed up the establishment of inclusive and standardized metadata models,strengthen cooperation with museums,archives and other cultural memory institutions,and encourage the reuse of resources,so as to realize the re-creation of knowledge under the premise of fully ensuring the interests of copyright owners.

The rise of digital humanities urgently calls for a matching education system. Guided by the theory of internal structural elements of education,this paper conducts a case study on “Digital Memory Talent Training Program” in Renmin University of China. Based on data collected through in-depth interviews,it makes an analysis of educatees’ cognitive attitudes towards project-based digital humanities education from the four dimensions of educators,educatees,educational content and educational means. It then constructs an overall framework of project-based digital humanities education,and reveals the influencing factors in the formation of educatees’ cognitive attitudes from the perspectives of educators,educatees,the interaction between educators and educatees,the matching of educational content and educational means,and the external environments,etc. It aims to provide reference for the further development of digital humanities education.

This paper recounts the life of LIU Shaoxiong（1922-2014） and his 70 years of service to the Sun Yat-sen University Library,explaining the meaning and life potential of an ordinary librarian and promoting the library spirit of loving the country,libraries,books and people. It describes the process of editing and publishing the Collected Works of LIU Shaoxiong,and explores the practical significance of the book.

It is of great significance to identify the disciplinary attributes of data in disciplinary evaluation conducted by academic libraries,for it would directly affect the accuracy of the evaluation data as well as the rationality of the evaluation results. This paper focuses on the disciplinary attributes of cross-database data in humanities and social sciences evaluation,taking Nankai University Library's practice for example. In detail,guided by the mapping theory and based on the analysis of the disciplinary classification system,Nankai University Library formulates a set of multi-dimensional disciplinary mapping schemes for CNKI,CSSCI and Web of Science databases,and uses them to identify the disciplinary attributes of the evaluation data. It then analyzes the essence,root causes,solutions and restrictive factors of the disciplinary attributes of cross-database data in disciplinary evaluation,and provides some strategies for the practitioners with to advance from theoretical research to practical exploration.

Youth development needs the support of libraries. How can libraries help young people to succeed? The experience from Russia is worthwhile. Considering the fact that Russian State Library for Young Adults is the advocate and the core of building the youth service system of Russian libraries,this paper analyzes the background of the Development Strategy of Russian State Library for Young Adults from 2021 to 2025,and interprets its content. In light of the national conditions of China,it puts forward some suggestions for libraries,such as participating in the implementation of youth policies,innovating youth services,attaching importance to digital resources and library spaces,and cooperating with foreign countries to provide youth services.

文章简述佛山市图书馆家藏图书共享服务“易本书”项目的创意和功能;分析易本书项目对解决公共文化资源有限性与民众的精神文化需求日益增长的矛盾,公共文化产品供给不足、服务供需对接不充分,以及公共文化资源配置及使用率有待提高、公共文化数字服务能力发展不平衡等普遍问题的现实意义。易本书项目的创新实践走出了城乡公共文化服务一体建设新路,为基层公共文化共建共治开出了一剂良方,在建设面向大众的以人为中心的图书馆、搭建技术赋能的智慧图书馆应用场景等方面进行了新探索,让佛山市公共文化服务体系更加完善、更具效能,为广东“文化强省”建设提供了“佛山经验”。